Processing Artificial Intelligence: Highlighting the Canadian Patent Landscape

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C.D. Howe Building
235 Queen Street
Ottawa, ON K1A 0H5
Canada

International

Total patented inventions: 85,144

31% annual growth rate observed between 2011 and 2017.
68% of patented inventions were filed between 2011 and 2017.

**Patent Filing Trend (1998 – 2017) - Patented Inventions**
Publication Year	Patented Inventions
1998	1,242
1999	1,167
2000	1,245
2001	1,304
2002	1,794
2003	1,799
2004	1,818
2005	1,874
2006	2,141
2007	2,395
2008	2,829
2009	3,447
2010	3,888
2011	3,673
2012	4,568
2013	5,584
2014	6,889
2015	8,602
2016	10,669
2017	18,216

**Patent Filing Trend (1998 – 2017) - Annual Growth Rate**
Publication Year	Annual Growth Rate
1998	-
1999	-6.04%
2000	6.68%
2001	4.74%
2002	37.58%
2003	0.28%
2004	1.06%
2005	3.08%
2006	14.25%
2007	11.86%
2008	18.12%
2009	21.85%
2010	12.79%
2011	-5.53%
2012	24.37%
2013	22.24%
2014	23.37%
2015	24.87%
2016	24.03%
2017	70.74%

Chinese and American assignees cumulatively accounted for 65% of total patented inventions filed globally.

**Patent Filing Trend (1998 – 2017)**
Publication Year	China	United States	Japan	Republic of Korea	Germany	Canada	United Kingdom	Australia
1998	5	337	435	18	97	14	12	2
1999	5	272	443	26	98	10	5	0
2000	11	335	395	53	87	6	8	3
2001	15	406	341	42	66	13	9	2
2002	19	459	363	37	114	32	28	3
2003	54	457	333	42	85	16	15	3
2004	72	434	334	51	91	26	9	4
2005	86	455	420	65	111	18	9	12
2006	116	560	480	72	92	21	24	20
2007	192	716	447	139	103	34	17	17
2008	423	772	496	170	126	43	18	11
2009	697	976	510	165	142	58	19	14
2010	960	1,074	493	127	154	46	21	27
2011	1,059	961	407	178	118	50	22	23
2012	1,932	967	387	197	129	50	35	16
2013	2,631	1,429	484	276	195	61	55	13
2014	3,513	1,832	443	402	163	69	33	19
2015	4,655	2,064	539	385	141	69	41	15
2016	6,180	2,386	622	471	173	81	46	27
2017	11,955	3,477	794	690	227	135	71	23

IP Concentration Index

Index approaching 0.5 in 2017 thereby indicating dominance of two countries in AI patent activity.

Metric developed to gauge the level of concentration of AI patented inventions by country of origin.
Index ranges between 1/n and 1, where n is the number of participants.

**IP Concentration Index**
Publication Year	IP Concentration Index
1998	0.19
1999	0.20
2000	0.17
2001	0.16
2002	0.11
2003	0.10
2004	0.09
2005	0.11
2006	0.12
2007	0.13
2008	0.13
2009	0.14
2010	0.15
2011	0.16
2012	0.22
2013	0.27
2014	0.32
2015	0.35
2016	0.38
2017	0.46

Canadian Researchers

Patented inventions filed by Canadian researchers grew at a similar rate when compared to researchers globally over the past five years.

2,497 Canadian researchers filed 1,419 patented inventions.

**Patent Filing Trend (1998 – 2017)**
Publication Year	CIPO	USPTO	WIPO (PCT)	Other	Annual Growth Rate
1998	4	4	4	1	-
1999	8	2	2	0	-7.69%
2000	9	6	5	0	66.67%
2001	4	20	5	0	45.00%
2002	17	31	10	0	100.00%
2003	14	29	5	1	-15.52%
2004	12	17	10	1	-18.37%
2005	13	15	5	1	-15.00%
2006	12	28	9	4	55.88%
2007	10	45	12	1	28.30%
2008	16	40	20	3	16.18%
2009	31	52	14	0	22.78%
2010	14	64	18	2	1.03%
2011	22	45	11	0	-20.41%
2012	16	40	18	1	-3.85%
2013	11	40	16	4	-5.33%
2014	21	43	24	5	30.99%
2015	16	66	23	6	19.35%
2016	20	65	36	13	18.92%
2017	25	138	34	14	58.33%

Canadian Institutions

Canadian institutions account for less than 1% of the total patented inventions filed by institutions globally.

284 Canadian institutions filed 618 patented inventions.

**Patent Filing Trend (1998 – 2017)**
Publication Year	CIPO	USPTO	WIPO (PCT)	Others
1998	3	2	6	1
1999	3	1	1	1
2000	1	1	0	0
2001	5	4	3	0
2002	15	2	7	0
2003	10	2	3	0
2004	8	4	7	0
2005	7	0	2	0
2006	7	1	4	4
2007	11	12	7	1
2008	13	3	15	2
2009	12	10	13	0
2010	6	12	10	2
2011	12	14	9	1
2012	11	13	13	2
2013	7	14	7	1
2014	13	12	12	3
2015	13	18	17	2
2016	19	19	30	1
2017	20	53	33	7

**Patent Filing Trend (1998 – 2017) - Annual Growth Rate**
Publication Year	Annual Growth Rate
1998	-
1999	-50%
2000	-67%
2001	500%
2002	100%
2003	-38%
2004	27%
2005	-53%
2006	78%
2007	94%
2008	6%
2009	6%
2010	-14%
2011	20%
2012	8%
2013	-26%
2014	38%
2015	25%
2016	38%
2017	61%

Relative Specialization Index (RSI)

Canadian researchers and institutions are both specialized in the field of AI, although their specialization has decreased over the past decade.

**Researcher’s Country of Origin**
Publication Year	1998-2007	2008-2017
Republic of Korea	-0.56	-0.44
Germany	-0.06	-0.27
Japan	-0.07	-0.18
United Kingdom	-0.14	-0.03
Australia	0.12	0.22
Canada	0.34	0.30
United States	0.40	0.35

**Institution’s Country of Origin**
Publication Year	1998-2007	2008-2017
Republic of Korea	-0.21	-0.26
Germany	0.00	-0.24
United Kingdom	-0.08	-0.13
Japan	0.62	0.11
Canada	0.26	0.22
Australia	0.31	0.22
United States	0.38	0.34

Relative Specialization by AI Applications

Canadian researchers fare well in various applications of AI against American researchers who are considered to be prolific filers in AI.

**Relative Specialization by AI Applications**
AI Application	Canada	United States
Distributed Artificial Intelligence	-0.55	-0.65
Planning and Scheduling	-0.17	-0.28
Control Methods	-0.02	0.12
Speech Processing	0.09	-0.06
Predictive Analytics	0.08	0.32
Robotics	0.42	0.34
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning	0.48	0.29
Computer Vision	0.43	1.72
Natural Language Processing	1.32	2.41

Geographical Clusters of Activity

Interestingly, most of the prominent Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) are specialized in different application fields of AI.

**Patented Inventions / GDP**
Province	Patented Inventions / GDP
Northwest Territories	0
Nunavut	0
Alberta	1.68208E-10
Yukon	0
Saskatchewan	1.48738E-10
Newfoundland and Labrador	1.20333E-10
Ontario	3.71479E-10
British Columbia	3.63912E-10
Manitoba	5.50297E-11
Quebec	2.03698E-10
New Brunswick	1.62311E-10
Nova Scotia	1.35275E-10
Prince Edward Island	1.4298E-10

**# of Institutions**
CMA	# of Institutions
Calgary	19
Edmonton	4
Guelph	2
Halifax	5
Hamilton	4
Kingston	3
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo	20
Lethbridge	1
London	2
Moncton	1
Montréal	42
Oshawa	2
Ottawa-Gatineau	30
Québec	4
Regina	1
Saskatoon	4
Sherbrooke'	1
St. Catharines-Niagara	1
St. John's	1
Toronto	78
Trois-Rivières	2
Vancouver	30
Victoria	4
Winnipeg	3

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2020

Aussi offert en français sous le titre Traitement de l’intelligence artificielle : aperçu du paysage canadien des brevets.

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