Issue 3
November 2012
Posted on Industry Canada website: November 30, 2012
Preface
Telecommunications Regulation Circulars (TRC) are issued as required to provide information to those engaged in telecommunications in Canada. In keeping with new developments, the content of these circulars is subject to change at any time.
It is therefore suggested that interested persons consult the nearest district office of Industry Canada for additional details. While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure accuracy, no warranty is expressed or implied. As well, these circulars have no status in law.
Comments and suggestions may be directed to the following address:
Director General
Engineering, Planning and Standards Branch
Industry Canada
300 Slater Street, 19th Floor
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C8
Email:
ic.consultationradiostandards-consultationnormesradio.ic@canada.ca
All Spectrum Management and Telecommunications publications are available on the following website (http://ic.gc.ca/spectrum).
Contents
- Introduction
- Definitions
- Related Documents
- Class of Station and Nature of Service Designators
- Designation of Emissions
- Designation of Necessary Bandwidth
- Classification of Emissions
- Determination of Necessary Bandwidths
- Examples of Designation of Emissions
1. Introduction
The purpose of this document is to outline designation of emissions, class of station and nature of service information used by Industry Canada for radio equipment certification purposes and for the issuance of licences to permit the operation of radio stations in Canada. Radio stations and their emissions are classified into various categories as detailed in this document. When applying for a licence to operate a radio station in accordance with the procedures established by Industry Canada, an applicant shall, to the extent possible, use the methods and symbols contained in this document.
2. Definitions
The following definitions of operational terminology may assist in the designation of radio emissions.
Necessary bandwidth: The width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions for a given class of emission.
Telegraphy: A form of telecommunication in which the transmitted information is intended to be recorded on arrival as a graphic document;Footnote1 the transmitted information may sometimes be presented in an alternative form or may be stored for subsequent use.
Telecommand: The use of telecommunication for the transmission of signals to initiate, modify or terminate functions of equipment at a distance.
Telemetry: The use of telecommunication for automatically indicating or recording measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument.
Telephony: A form of telecommunication primarily intended for the exchange of information in the form of speech.
3. Related Documents
The following International Telecommunication Union Spectrum Management document should be consulted:
Recommendation ITU-R SM.1138: Determination of necessary bandwidths including examples for their calculation and associated examples for the designation of emission.
4. Class of Station and Nature of Service Designators
4.1 Class of Station Designators
AL
AM
AT
Aeronautical radionavigation land station
Aeronautical radionavigation mobile station
Amateur station
BC
BT
Broadcasting station, sound
Broadcasting station, television
E1
E2
E3
E4
EA
EB
EC
ED
EE
EF
EG
EH
EI
EJ
EK
EM
EN
EO
EQ
ER
ES
ET
EU
EV
EW
EY
Space research (active sensor) space station
Space research (passive sensor) space station
Space station in the Earth exploration-satellite service (active)
Space station in the Earth exploration-satellite (passive)
Space station in the amateur-satellite service
Space station in the broadcasting-satellite service (sound broadcasting)
Space station in the fixed-satellite service
Space telecommand space station
Space station in the standard frequency-satellite service
Space station in the radiodetermination-satellite service
Space station in the maritime mobile-satellite service
Space research space station
Space station in the mobile-satellite service
Space station in the aeronautical mobile-satellite service
Space tracking space station
Space station in the meteorological-satellite service
Space station in the radionavigation-satellite service
Space station in the aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service
Space station in the maritime radionavigation-satellite service
Space telemetering space station
Station in the inter-satellite service
Space station in the space operation service
Space station in the land mobile-satellite service
Space station in the broadcasting-satellite service (television)
Space station in the earth exploration-satellite service
Space station in the time signal-satellite service
FA
FB
FC
FD
FG
FL
FP
FX
Aeronautical station
Base station
Coast station
Aeronautical station in the aeronautical mobile (R) service
Aeronautical station in the aeronautical mobile (OR) service
Land station
Port station
Fixed station
LR
Radiolocation land station
MA
ML
MO
MR
MS
Aircraft station
Land mobile station
Mobile station
Radiolocation mobile station
Ship station
NL
NR
Maritime radionavigation land station
Radionavigation mobile station
OD
OE
Oceanographic data station
Oceanographic data interrogating station
PL
Combination of two or more classes of station (limited to collective entries made under the terms of ITU-R Radio Regulations Article 20.5)
RA
RM
RN
Radio astronomy station
Maritime radionavigation mobile station
Radionavigation land station
SA
SM
SS
Meteorological aids mobile station
Meteorological aids base station
Standard frequency and time signal station
TA
TB
TC
TD
TE
TF
TG
TH
TI
TJ
TK
TL
TM
TN
TO
TQ
TR
TT
TU
TW
TX
TY
TZ
Earth station in the amateur-satellite service
Aeronautical earth station
Earth station in the fixed-satellite service
Space telecommand earth station
Satellite EPIRB in the mobile-satellite service
Fixed earth station in the radiodetermination-satellite service
Ship earth station
Earth station in the space research service
Coast earth station
Aircraft earth station
Space tracking earth station
Mobile earth station in the radiodetermination-satellite service
Earth station in the meteorological-satellite service
Fixed earth station in the radionavigation-satellite service
Mobile earth station in the aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service
Mobile earth station in the maritime radionavigation-satellite service
Space telemetering earth station
Earth station in the space operation service
Land mobile earth station
Earth station in the earth exploration-satellite service
Fixed earth station in the maritime radionavigation-satellite service
Base earth station
Fixed earth station in the aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service
UA
UB
UD
UE
UH
UK
UM
UN
UR
UT
UV
UW
UY
Mobile earth station
Earth station in the broadcasting-satellite service (sound broadcasting)
Space telecommand mobile earth station
Earth station in the standard frequency-satellite service
Mobile earth station in the space research service
Space tracking mobile earth station
Mobile earth station in the meteorological-satellite service
Mobile earth station in the radionavigation-satellite service
Space telemetering mobile earth station
Mobile earth station in the space operation service
Earth station in the broadcasting-satellite service (television)
Mobile earth station in the earth-exploration-satellite service
Earth station in the time signal-satellite service
VA
Land earth station
4.2 Nature of Service Designators
ASFootnote2
AX
Stations using adaptive system
Fixed station used for provision of services related to aircraft flight safety
CO
CPFootnote3
CR
CV
Station open to official correspondence exclusively
Station open to public correspondence
Station open to limited correspondence
Station open exclusively to correspondence of a private agency
FS
Land station established solely for the safety of life
Fixed station using high altitude platform
MX
Fixed station used for transmission of meteorological information
OT
Station open exclusively to operational traffic of the service concerned
PX
Fixed station used for press transmission
RC
RD
RG
RT
Non-directional radiobeacon
Directional radiobeacon
Radio direction-finding station
Revolving radiobeacon
Fixed station using tropospheric scatter
5. Designation of Emissions
Emissions are designated according to their necessary bandwidth and their classification.
The first four characters of the designation of an emission describe the necessary bandwidth. These four characters are followed by three to five additional characters which describe the classification.
Examples of emissions designators are provided in Section 9.
6. Designation of Necessary Bandwidth
The necessary bandwidth, as determined in accordance with the formulae and examples given in this TRC, are expressed by three numerals and one letter. The letter occupies the position of the decimal point and represents the unit of bandwidth. The first character shall not be zero or K, M, or G.
Necessary bandwidths shall be designated as shown below:
- between 0.001 and 999 Hz shall be expressed in Hz (letter H);
- between 1.00 and 999 kHz shall be expressed in kHz (letter K);
- between 1.00 and 999 MHz shall be expressed in MHz (letter M); and
- between 1.00 and 999 GHz shall be expressed in GHz (letter G).
0.002 Hz = H002 | 6 kHz = 6K00 | 1.25 MHz = 1M25 |
0.1 Hz = H100 | 12.5 kHz = 12K5 | 2 MHz = 2M00 |
25.3Hz = 25H3 | 180.4 kHz = 180K | 10 MHz = 10M0 |
400 Hz = 400H | 180.5 kHz = 181K | 202 MHz = 202M |
2.4 kHz = 2K40 | 180.7 kHz = 181K | 5.65 GHz = 5G65 |
7. Classifications of Emissions
A minimum of three symbols are used to describe the basic characteristics of radio waves:
1. The first symbol—Type of modulation of the main carrier
2. The second symbol—Nature of the signal(s) modulating the main carrier
3. The third symbol—Type of information being transmitted
In addition, a fourth and/or fifth symbol may be used to indicate the following:
4. The fourth symbol—Details about the signal(s).
5. The fifth symbol—Nature of multiplexing
Note: If the fourth and/or fifth symbols are not used, their absence should be indicated by a dash (-) where each symbol would otherwise appear.
8. Determination of Necessary Bandwidths
For the full designation of an emission, the necessary bandwidth — indicated in four characters — must appear before the classification symbols. When used, the necessary bandwidth must be determined by one of the following methods:
(a) use of the formulae and examples of necessary bandwidths, as well as designation of corresponding emissions provided in Section 9, based on the latest version of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1138;
(b) computation in accordance with methods detailed in an applicant’s submission, provided these methods are accepted by the Department;
(c) use of the measured occupied bandwidthFootnote11, in cases not covered by (a) or (b) above.
In the formulation of the table, the following terms have been used:
9. Examples of Designation of Emissions
Description of Emission | Necessary Bandwidth | Designation of Emission | |
---|---|---|---|
Formula | Sample Calculation | ||
I. NO MODULATING SIGNAL | |||
Continuous wave emission | --- | --- | NONE |
II. AMPLITUDE MODULATION | |||
1. Signal with Quantized or Digital Information | |||
Continuous wave telegraphy, Morse code | Bn = BK K = 5 (for fading circuits) K = 3 (for non-fading circuits) |
25 words per minute; B = 20, K = 5 Bandwidth: 100 Hz |
100HA1AAN |
Telegraphy by on-off keying of a tone modulated carrier, Morse code | Bn = BK + 2M K = 5 (for fading circuits) K = 3 (for non-fading circuits) |
25 words per minute; B = 20 M = 1,000 K = 5 Bandwidth = 2.1 kHz |
2K10A2AAN |
Selective calling signal, using sequential single frequency code, single sideband, full carrier | Bn = M | Maximum code frequency = 2,110 Hz M = 2,110 Bandwidth = 2.11 kHz |
2K11H2BFN |
Direct-printing telegraphy, using a frequency shifted modulating sub-carrier, with error correction, single-sideband, suppressed carrier (single channel) | Bn = 2M + 2DK M = ½B |
B = 50 D = 35 Hz (70 Hz shift) K = 1.2 Bandwidth = 134 Hz |
134HJ2BCN |
Telegraphy, multi channel with voice frequency, error correction, some channels are time-division multiplexed, single-sideband, reduced carrier | Bn = highest central frequency + M + DK M = ½B |
15 channels; highest central frequency = 2,805 Hz B = 100 D = 42.5 Hz (85 Hz shift) K = 0.7 Bandwidth = 2.885 kHz |
2K89R7BCW |
2. Telephony (Commercial Quality) | |||
Telephony, double-sideband (single channel) | Bn = 2M | M = 3,000 Bandwidth = 6 kHz |
6K00A3EJN |
Telephony, single-sideband full carrier (single channel) | Bn = M | M = 3,000 Bandwidth = 3 kHz |
3K00H3EJN |
Telephony, single-sideband, suppressed carrier (single channel) | Bn = M - lowest modulation frequency | M = 3,000 Lowest modulation frequency = 300 Hz Bandwidth = 2.7 kHz |
2K70J3EJN |
Telephony with separate frequency modulated signal to control the level of demodulated speech signal, single-sideband, reduced carrier (Lincompex)(single channel) | Bn = M | Maximum control frequency = 2,990 Hz M = 2,990 Bandwidth = 2.99 kHz |
2K99R3ELN |
Telephony with privacy, single-sideband, suppressed carrier (two or more channels) | Bn = NcM - (lowest modulation frequency in the lowest channel) | Nc = 2 M = 3,000 Lowest modulation frequency = 250 Hz Bandwidth = 5.75 kHz |
5K75J8EKF |
Telephony, independent sideband (two or more channels) | Bn = sum of M for each sideband | 2 channels M = 3,000 Bandwidth = 6 kHz |
6K00B8EJN |
3. Sound Broadcasting | |||
Sound broadcasting double-sideband | Bn = 2M M may vary between 4,000 and 10,000, depending on the quality desired |
Speech and music M = 4,000 Bandwidth = 8 kHz |
8K00A3EGN |
Sound broadcasting, single-sideband, reduced carrier (single channel) | Bn = M M may vary between 4,000 and 10,000, depending on the quality desired |
Speech and music M = 4,000 Bandwidth = 4 kHz |
4K00R3EGN |
Sound broadcasting, single-sideband, suppressed carrier | Bn = M - lowest modulation frequency | Speech and music M = 4,500 Lowest modulation frequency = 50 Hz Bandwidth = 4.45 kHz |
4K45J3EGN |
4. Television | |||
Television, vision and sound | Refer to relevant ITU R documents for the bandwidths of the commonly used television systems | Number of lines = 525 Nominal video bandwidth = 4.2 MHz Sound carrier relative to video carrier = 4.5 MHz Total vision bandwidth = 5.45 MHz FM sound bandwidth, including guardbands = 500 kHz RF channel bandwidth = 6.0 MHz |
5M45C3F- - 500KF3EGN |
5. Facsimile | |||
Analog facsimile by sub-carrier frequency modulation of a single sideband emission with reduced carrier, monochrome | Bn = C + ½ N + DK K = 1.1 (typically) |
N = 1,100 corresponding to an index of cooperation of 352 and a cycler rotation speed of 60 rpm. Index of cooperation is the product of the drum diameter and number of lines per unit length. C = 1,900 D = 400 Hz Bandwidth = 2.89 kHz |
2K89R3CMN |
Analog facsimile; frequency modulation of an audio frequency sub-carrier which modulates the main carrier, single-sideband suppressed carrier | Bn = 2M + 2DK M = ½N K = 1.1 (typically) |
N = 1,100 D = 400 Hz Bandwidth = 1.98 kHz |
1K98J3C-- |
6. Composite Emissions | |||
Double-sideband, television relay | Bn = 2C + 2M + 2D | Video limited to 5 MHz,audio on 6.5 MHz, frequency modulated with sub-carrier deviation of 50 kHz C = 6.5x106 D = 50 x103 Hz M = 15,000 Bandwidth = 13.13 MHz |
13M1A8W-- |
Double-sideband radio-relay system, frequency division multiplex | Bn = 2M | 10 voice channels occupying base band between 1 kHz and 164 kHz M = 164,000 Bandwidth = 328 kHz |
328KA8E-- |
Double-sideband emission of VOR with voice (VOR = VHF omnidirectional radio range) |
Bn = 2Cmax+ 2M + 2DK K = 1 (typically) |
The main carrier is modulated by: - a 30 Hz sub-carrier - a carrier resulting from a 9,960 Hz tone - a telephone channel - a 1,020 Hz keyed tone for continual Morse identification Cmax = 9,960 M = 30 D = 480 Hz Bandwidth = 20.94 kHz |
20K9A9WWF |
Independent sidebands; several telegraph channels with error-correction together with several telephone channels with privacy; frequency division multiplex | Bn = sum of M for each sideband | Normally composite systems are operated in accordance with standardized channel arrangements (e.g., Rec. ITU-R F.348) 3 telephone channels and 15 telegraphy channels Bandwidth = 12 kHz |
12K0B9WWF |
III. FREQUENCY MODULATION | |||
1. Signal with Quantized or Digital Information | |||
Telegraphy without error-correction (single channel) | Bn = 2M + 2DK M = ½B K = 1.2 (typically) |
B = 100 D = 85 Hz (170 Hz shift) Bandwidth = 304 Hz |
304HF1BBN |
Telegraphy, narrow-band direct printing with error correction (single channel) | Bn = 2M + 2DK M = ½B K = 1.2 (typically) |
B = 100 D = 85 Hz (170 Hz shift) Bandwidth = 304 Hz |
304HF1BCN |
Selective calling signal | Bn = 2M + 2DK M = ½B K = 1.2 (typically) |
B = 100 D = 85 Hz (170 Hz shift) Bandwidth = 304 Hz |
304HF1BCN |
Four-frequency duplex telegraphy | Bn = 2M + 2DK B = Modulation rate (Bd) of the faster channel If the channels are synchronized, M = ½B (Otherwise: M = 2B) K = 1.1 (typically) |
Spacing between adjacent frequencies = 400 Hz Synchronized channels: B = 100 M = 50 D = 600 Hz Bandwidth = 1.42 kHz |
1K42F7BDX |
2. Telephony (Commercial Quality) | |||
Commercial telephony | Bn = 2M + 2DK K = 1 (typically, but under certain conditions, a higher value of K may be necessary) |
For an average case of commercial telephony, D = 5,000 Hz M = 3,000 Bandwidth = 16 kHz |
16K0F3EJN |
3. Sound Broadcasting | |||
Sound broadcasting | Bn = 2M + 2DK K = 1 (typically) |
Monaural D = 75,000 Hz M = 15,000 Bandwidth = 180 kHz |
180KF3EGN |
4. Facsimile | |||
Facsimile by direct frequency modulation of the carrier; black and white | Bn = 2M + 2DK M = ½N K = 1.1 (typically) |
N = 1,100 elements/sec D = 400 Hz Bandwidth = 1.98 kHz |
1K98F1C-- |
Analog facsimile | Bn = 2M + 2DK M = ½N K = 1.1 (typically) |
N = 1,100 elements/sec D = 400 Hz Bandwidth = 1.98 kHz |
1K98F3C-- |
5. Composite Emissions (see Table 1) | |||
Radio relay system, frequency division multiplex | Bn = 2fp + 2DK K = 1 (typically) |
60 telephone channels occupying baseband between 60 kHz and 300 kHz; rms per channel deviation: 200 kHz Continuity pilot at 331 kHz produces 100 kHz rms deviation of main carrier D = 200 x 103 x 3.76 x 2.02 = 1.52 x 106 Hz fp = 0.331 x 106 Hz Bandwidth = 3.702 MHz |
3M70F8EJF |
Radio relay system; frequency division multiplex | Bn = 2M + 2DK K = 1 (typically) |
960 telephone channels occupying baseband between 60 kHz and 4,028 kHz; rms per channel deviation: 200 kHz Continuity pilot at 4,715 kHz produces 140 kHz rms deviation of main carrier D = 200 x 103 x 3.76 x 5.5 = 4.13 x 106 Hz M = 4.028 x 106 fp = 4.715 x 106 (2M + 2DK)>2 fp Bandwidth = 16.3 MHz |
16M3F8EJF |
Radio relay system; frequency division multiplex | Bn = 2fp | 600 telephone channels occupying baseband between 60 kHz and 2,540 kHz; rms per channel deviation: 200 kHz; continuity pilot at 8,500 kHz produces 140 kHz rms deviation of main carrier. D = 200 x 103 x 3.76 x 4.36 = 3.28 x 106 Hz; M = 2.54 x 106 K = 1 fp = 8.5 x 106 (2M + 2 DK) < 2fp Bandwidth = 17 x 106 = 17 MHz |
17M0F8EJF |
Amplitude modulation is used to modulate a carrier with digital bit stream. | Bn = 2BK K = 1 (typically) |
Microwave system is digitally modulated at a rate of 5 megabits per second. The carrier is amplitude modulated and 4 signalling states are used. B = R/(log2 4) = 5,000,000/(log2 4) = 2,500 kilobaud Bandwidth = 5.0 MHz |
5M00A1WDN |
IV. PULSE MODULATION | |||
1. Radar | |||
Unmodulated pulse emission | Bn = 2K/t K depends upon the ratio of pulse duration to pulse rise time. Its value usually falls between 1 and 10, and in many cases, it does not need to exceed 6. |
Primary Radar Range resolution: 150 m. K = 1.5 (triangular pulse where t \( \simeq \) tr, only components down to 27 dB from the strongest are considered) Then: t = 2 x (range resolution) / velocity of light = 2 x 150/(3 x 108) = 1 x 10-6 seconds Bandwidth = 3 MHz |
3M00P0NAN |
2. Composite Emissions | |||
Radio relay system | Bn = 2K/t K = 1.6 |
Pulse position modulated by 36 voice channel baseband Pulse width at half amplitude = 0.4 µsec Bandwidth = 8 MHz (Bandwidth independent of the number of voice channels) |
8M00M7EJT |
V. MISCELLANEOUS | |||
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or coded OFDM (COFDM) | Bn = Ns.K | 53 active sub-carriers are used, each spaced 312.5 kHz apart (K=53 and Ns=312.5 kHz). Data sub-carriers can be BPSK, QPSK, QAM modulated. Bn = 312.5 kHz x 53 = 16.6 MHz |
16M6W7D |
Binary Frequency Shift Keying | If (0.03 < 2D/R < 1.0), then: Bn = 3.86D + 0.27R If (1.0 < 2D/R < 20) then: Bn = 2.4D+1.0 R |
Digital modulation used to send 1 megabit per second by frequency shift keying with 2 signalling states and 0.75 MHz peak deviation of the carrier. R = 1 x 106 bits per second; D = 0.75 x 106 Hz; Bn = 2.8 MHz |
2M80F1DBC |
Multi-level Frequency Shift Keying | Bn= R/log2S+2DK K 0.89 (99% bandwidth, Bn= R/log2S+1.78D |
Digital modulation to send 10 Mbps by use of frequency shift keying with 4 signaling states and 2 MHz peak deviation of the main carrier. R=107 bps; D=2 MHz; K=0.89; S=4; Bn=8.56 MHz |
8M56F1DDT |
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) | Bn= R/log2S+0.5RK K 0.28 (99% bandwidth, Bn=(1/log2S - 0.14)R) |
Digital modulation used to send 10 megabits per second by use of GMSK (S=2) R=10 x 106 bits per second; Bn=8.6 MHz |
8M60G1DDN |
Minimum Shift Keying | Bn=R/log2S+0.5RK K 0.36 (99% bandwidth, Bn=(1/log2S + 0.18)R) |
Digital modulation used to send 2 megabits per second using 2-ary minimum shift keying: R = 2 Mbps S = 2 Bn=2.36 x 106 Hz = 2.36 MHz |
2M36G1DBN |
Phase Shift Keying | Bn=2RK/log2S 0.5 K 1 K=0.7 to 0.8 (typically) K can vary from 0.5 to 1. For fixed microwave systems, use of a value of K larger than 0.7 should be further justified. |
Digital modulation used to send 10 megabits per second by use of phase shift keying with 4 signaling states R=10 x 106 bits per second; K=1; S=4; Bn=10 MHz |
10M00G1DDT |
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) | Bn=2RK/log2S K 0.81 (99% bandwidth, Bn=(1.62R / log2S) |
64 QAM is used to send 135 Mbps; R=135 x 106 bps; S=64; Roll-off = 1; K= 0.81; Bn= 36.45 MHz |
36M45D1D |
For FM-FDM systems, the necessary bandwidth is: Bn=2M + 2DK The value of D, or peak frequency deviation, in these formulas for Bn is calculated by multiplying the rms value of per-channel deviation by the appropriate “multiplying factor” shown below. In the case where a continuity pilot of frequency fp exists above the maximum modulation frequency M, the general formula becomes: Bn=2fp + 2DK In the case where the modulation index of the main carrier produced by the pilot is less than 0.25 and the rms frequency deviation of the main carrier produced is less than or equal to 70% of the rms value of per-channel deviation, the general formula becomes either: Bn=2fp or Bn = 2M + 2DK whichever is greater. |
|
Number of telephone channels, Nc | Multiplying factorFootnote12 |
(Peak factor) x antilog (value in dB above modulation reference level / 20) | |
3 < Nc < 12 | 4.47 x antilog (a value in dB specified by the equipment manufacturer or station licensee, subject to administration approval / 20) |
12 ≤ Nc < 60 | 3.76 x antilog ((2.6 + 2 log Nc) / 20) |
Number of telephone channels, Nc | Multiplying factorFootnote13 |
(Peak factor) x antilog (value in dB above modulation reference level / 20) | |
60 ≤ Nc < 240 | 3.76 x antilog ((-1+4 log Nc) / 20) |
Nc ≥ 240 | 3.76 x antilog ((-15+10log Nc) / 20) |
Footnotes
- Footnote 1
-
A graphic document records information in a permanent form and is capable of being filed and consulted; it may take the form of written or printed matter or the form of a fixed image.
- Footnote 2
-
Adaptive System: A radiocommunication system which varies its radio characteristics according to channel quality. (ref. the ITU's Radio Regulations No. 1.109A)
- Footnote 3
-
Public correspondence: Any telecommunication which the offices and stations must, by reason of their being at the disposal of the public, accept for transmission (CS). (ref. the ITU's Radio Regulations 1.116)
- Footnote 4
-
High altitude platform station: A station located on an object at an altitude of 20-50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to the Earth. (ref. the ITU's Radio Regulations 1.66A)
- Footnote 5
-
Tropospheric scatter: The propagation of radio waves by scattering as a result of irregularities or discontinuities in the physical properties of the troposphere. (ref. the ITU's Radio Regulations 1.164)
- Footnote 6
-
Emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a signal that has been coded into quantized form (e.g., pulse code modulation) should be designated in 7.1.2 or 7.1.3.
- Footnote 7
-
Emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a signal that has been coded into quantized form (e.g., pulse code modulation) should be designated in 7.1.2 or 7.1.3.
- Footnote 8
-
This excludes time-division multiplex.
- Footnote 9
-
In this context, the word “information” does not include information of a constant, unvarying nature, such as the information provided by standard frequency emissions, continuous wave and pulse radars, etc.
- Footnote 10
-
Includes bandwidth expansion techniques.
- Footnote 11
-
The width of a frequency band, such that below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to 0.5% of the emitted power. This is also known as the 99% emission bandwidth. For transmitters in which there are multiple carriers, contiguous or non-contiguous in frequency, the occupied bandwidth is to be the sum of the occupied bandwidths of the individual carriers.
- Footnote 12
-
In the above chart, the multipliers 3.76 and 4.47 correspond to peak factors of 11.5 dB and 13.0 dB respectively. It is recognized that some systems that carry appreciable quantities of data or information other than voice may have different loading factors than the preferred ones shown above.
- Footnote 13
-
In the above chart, the multipliers 3.76 correspond to peak factors of 11.5 dB.