RSS-210 — Low-power Licence-exempt Radiocommunication Devices (All Frequency Bands): Category I Equipment

Annex 7: Field Disturbance Sensors Operating in the 902-928 MHz, 2435-2465 MHz, 5785-5815 MHz, 10.5-10.55 GHz and 24.075-24.175 GHz Bands

This section provides standards for low-power devices classified as field disturbance sensors (such as burglar alarms or motion detectors which are a type of radar devices) which operate under the following conditions. These do not include protection systems employing perimeter antennas.

The field strengths measured at 3 metres shall not exceed the following:

Fundamental Frequencies (MHz)	Field Strength (millivolts/m)
	Fundamental	Harmonics
902-928	5001	1.6
2 435-2 465	5001	1.6
5 785-5 815	5001	1.6
10 500-10 550	2 5002	25
24 075-24 175	2 5002	25

Note 1: equivalent to 75 mW e.i.r.p.

Note 2: equivalent to 1.9 W e.i.r.p.

Notes:

1. Additionally, harmonic emissions falling into a restricted band of Table 1 and below 17.7 GHz shall meet the limits of Table 2.

   Those falling into restricted bands above 17.7 GHz shall not exceed the following field strength limits measured at a distance of 3 metres:

   1. 25 mV/m for the second and third harmonics of field disturbance sensors operating in the 24075-24175 MHz and for devices designed for use only within buildings or for intermittent use such as to open building doors;
   2. 7.5 mV/m; for all other devices.
2. Field disturbance sensors designed to be used in motor vehicles or aircraft must include features to prevent continuous operation unless their emission in the restricted bands of Table 1, other than the second and third harmonics from devices operating in the 24075-24175 MHz, complies with the limits given in Table 2. Continuous operation of field disturbance sensors designed to be used in farm equipment (i.e. vehicles such as fork lifts that are intended primarily for use indoors or for very specialized operations), or railroad locomotives, railroad cars, and other equipment which travels on fixes tracks, is permitted. A field disturbance sensor is considered not to be operating in a continuous mode if its operation is limited to specific activities of limited duration (e.g. putting a vehicle into reverse gear, activating a turn signal, etc.).
3. Emissions radiated outside of the specified frequency bands, except for harmonics, shall be attenuated by at least 50 dB below the level of the fundamental or to Table 2 limits, whichever is the less stringent.
4. The emission limits shown above are based on measurement instrumentation employing an averaging detector.

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Annex 8: Frequency Hopping and Digital Modulation Systems Operating in the 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz, and 5725-5850 MHz Bands

This section applies to systems that employ frequency hopping (FH) and digital modulation technology in the 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz bands. Systems in these bands may employ frequency hopping, digital modulation and or a combination (hybrid) of both techniques.

A frequency hopping system that synchronizes with another or several other systems (to avoid frequency collision among them) via off-air sensing or via connecting cables is not hopping randomly and therefore is not in compliance with RSS-210.

A8.1 Frequency Hopping Systems

Frequency hopping systems are spread spectrum systems in which the carrier is modulated with coded information in a conventional manner causing a conventional spreading of the RF energy about the carrier frequency. The frequency of the carrier is not fixed but changes at fixed intervals under the direction of a coded sequence.

Frequency hopping systems are not required to employ all available hopping frequencies during each transmission. However, the system, consisting of both the transmitter and the receiver, must be designed to comply with all of the regulations in this section should the transmitter be presented with a continuous data (or information) stream.

Incorporation of intelligence into a frequency hopping system that enables it to recognize other users of the band and to avoid occupied frequencies is permitted, provided that the frequency hopping system does it individually, and independently chooses or adapts its hopset. The coordination of frequency hopping systems in any other manner for the express purpose of avoiding the simultaneous occupancy of individual hopping frequencies by multiple transmitters is not permitted.

The following applies to frequency hopping systems in each of the three bands.

1. The bandwidth of a frequency hopping channel is the 20 dB emission bandwidth, measured with the hopping stopped. The system RF bandwidth is equal to the channel bandwidth multiplied by the number of channels in the hopset. The hopset shall be such that the near term distribution of frequencies appears random, with sequential hops randomly distributed in both direction and magnitude of change in the hopset while the long term distribution appears evenly distributed.
2. Frequency hopping systems shall have hopping channel carrier frequencies separated by a minimum of 25 kHz or the 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel, whichever is greater. Alternatively, frequency hopping systems operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band may have hopping channel carrier frequencies that are separated by 25 kHz or two-thirds of the 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel, whichever is greater, provided the systems operate with an output power no greater than 0.125 W. The system receivers shall have input bandwidths that match the hopping channel bandwidths of their corresponding transmitters and shall shift frequencies in synchronization with the transmitted signals.
3. For frequency hopping systems in the 902-928 MHz band: if the 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel is less than 250 kHz, the system shall use at least 50 hopping channels and the average time of occupancy on any channel shall not be greater than 0.4 seconds within a 20 second period. If the 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel is 250 kHz or greater, the system shall use at least 25 hopping channels and the average time of occupancy on any channel shall not be greater than 0.4 seconds within a 10 second period. The maximum allowed 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel is 500 kHz.
4. Frequency hopping systems operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band shall use at least 15 hopping channels. The average time of occupancy on any channel shall not be greater than 0.4 seconds within a period of 0.4 seconds multiplied by the number of hopping channels employed. Transmissions on particular hopping frequencies may be avoided or suppressed provided that a minimum of 15 hopping channels are used.
5. Frequency hopping systems operating in the 5725-5850 MHz band shall use at least 75 hopping frequencies. The maximum 20 dB bandwidth of the hopping channel shall be 1 MHz. The average time of occupancy on any frequency shall not be greater than 0.4 seconds within a 30-second period.

A8.2 Digital Modulation Systems

These include systems employing digital modulation techniques resulting in spectral characteristics similar to direct sequence systems. The following applies to all three bands.

1. The minimum 6 dB bandwidth shall be at least 500 kHz.
2. The transmitter power spectral density (into the antenna) shall not be greater than 8 dBm in any 3 kHz band during any time interval of continuous transmission or over 1.0 second if the transmission exceeds 1.0-second duration. This power spectral density shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section A8.4 below. The same method of determining the conducted output power shall be used to determine the power spectral density.

A8.3 Hybrid Systems

Hybrid systems employ a combination of both frequency hopping and digital modulation techniques.

1. With the digital modulation operation of the hybrid system turned off, the frequency hopping operation shall have an average time of occupancy on any frequency not exceeding 0.4 seconds within a duration in seconds equal to the number of hopping frequencies multiplied by 0.4.
2. With the frequency hopping turned off, the digital modulation operation shall comply with the power spectral density requirements for digital modulation systems set out in (2) of A8.2 above.

A8.4 Transmitter Output Power and e.i.r.p. Requirements

1. For frequency hopping systems operating in the 902-928 MHz band, the maximum peak conducted output power is not to exceed 1.0 W if the hopset uses 50 or more hopping channels and 0.25 W if the hopset uses less than 50 hopping channels.
2. For frequency hopping systems operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band employing at least 75 hopping channels, the maximum conducted output power shall not exceed 1 W. For all other frequency hopping systems, the maximum peak conducted output power shall not exceed 0.125 W.
3. For frequency hopping systems operating in the 5725-5850 MHz, the maximum peak conducted power shall not exceed 1 W.
4. For systems employing digital modulation techniques operating in the 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz bands, the maximum peak conducted power shall not exceed 1 W.

   As an alternative to a peak power measurement, compliance can be based on a measurement of the maximum conducted output power (see RSS-Gen)

5. Systems in the 2400-2483.5 MHz and 5725-5850 MHz which have an e.i.r.p. above 4 W are permitted only for point-to-point systems (i.e. point-to-multipoint systems and multiple co-located transmitters transmitting the same information are prohibited from exceeding 4 W e.i.r.p.).

   Point-to-point systems in these two bands may use higher e.i.r.p. as necessary for satisfactory operation provided that the higher e.i.r.p. is achieved by employing higher gain directional antennas and not higher transmitter output powers. However, remote stations of point-to-multipoint systems shall be allowed to operate under the same condition as point-to-point systems.

   Note: "Fixed, point-to-point operation", excludes point-to-multipoint systems, omnidirectional applications and multiple co-located transmitters transmitting the same information.

6. Transmitters may operate in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band with directional antenna gain greater than 6 dBi that emit multiple directional beams, simultaneously or sequentially, for the purpose of directing signals to individual receivers or to groups of receivers provided the emissions comply with the following:
   1. Different information must be transmitted to each receiver.
   2. If the transmitter employs an antenna system that emits multiple directional beams but does not emit multiple directional beams simultaneously, the total output power conducted to the array or arrays that comprise the device (i.e. the sum of the power supplied to all antennas, antenna elements, staves, etc. and summed across all carriers or frequency channels) shall not exceed the applicable limit specified in this section. The directional antenna gain shall be computed as follows:
      1. The directional gain shall be calculated as the sum of 10 log₁₀ (number of array elements or staves) plus the directional gain of the element or stave having the highest gain.
      2. A lower value for the directional gain than that calculated in section A8.4(6)(ii)a. will be accepted if sufficient evidence is presented (e.g. due to shading of the array or coherence loss in the beamforming).
   3. If a transmitter employs an antenna that operates simultaneously on multiple directional beams using the same or different frequency channels, the power supplied to each emission beam is subject to the power limit specified in section A8.4(6)(ii). If transmitted beams overlap, the power shall be reduced to ensure that their aggregate power does not exceed the limit specified in section A8.4(6)(ii). In addition, the aggregate power transmitted simultaneously on all beams shall not exceed the limit specified in section A8.4(6)(ii) by more than 8 dB.
   4. Transmitters which emit a single directional beam shall operate under the provisions of sections A8.4(1) to A8.4(5).

A8.5 Out-of-band Emissions

In any 100 kHz bandwidth outside the frequency band in which the spread spectrum or digitally modulated device is operating, the radio frequency power that is produced shall be at least 20 dB below that in the 100 kHz bandwidth within the band that contains the highest level of the desired power, based on either an RF conducted or a radiated measurement, provided the transmitter demonstrates compliance with the peak conducted power limits. If the transmitter complies with the conducted power limits based on the use of RMS averaging over a time interval, as permitted under section A8.4(4), the attenuation required shall be 30 dB instead of 20 dB. Attenuation below the general limits specified in Tables 2 and 3 is not required. In addition, radiated emissions which fall in the restricted bands of Table 1 must also comply with the radiated emission limits specified in Tables 2 and 3.

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Annex 9: Local Area Network Devices

This annex provides standards for licence-exempt local area network (LE-LAN) devices operating in the 5150-5350 MHz and 5470-5825 MHz bands.

Devices operating in the 5250-5350 MHz which do not comply with the provisions in this annex but only with the requirements in RSS-210, Issue 5 will be allowed to be certified until May 1, 2008. After that date, devices operating in this band shall be certified only if they comply with the provisions in this annex.

Within the band 5150-5250 MHz, LE-LAN devices are restricted to indoor operation only.

A9.1 Definitions

Channel closing time is the aggregate duration of transmissions by LE-LAN devices during the channel move time which starts upon detection of an interfering signal above the Interference Detection Threshold. This aggregate includes the normal transmission time and the intermittent signals required to facilitate changes. The aggregate duration of all transmissions shall not count quiet periods in between transmissions.

Channel move time is the time needed by an LE-LAN device to cease all transmissions on the current channel upon detection of a radar signal.

Dynamic frequency selection (DFS) is a mechanism that dynamically detects signals from other systems and avoids co-channel operation with those systems, notably radar systems.

DFS detection threshold is the required detection level defined by detecting a received signal strength that is greater than a threshold specified, within the device channel bandwidth.

In-service monitoring is a mechanism to check a channel in use by the LE-LAN device for the presence of a radar signal.

Maximum conducted output power: see RSS-Gen.

Master mode is an operating mode in which the LE-LAN device has the capability to transmit without receiving an enabling signal. In this mode, the device is able to select a channel and initiate a network by sending enabling signals to other LE-LAN devices.

Slave mode is an operating mode in which the transmissions of the LE-LAN device are under control of the master.

Transmitter power control (TPC) is a feature that enables a LE-LAN device to dynamically switch between several transmission power levels in the transmission process.

A9.2 Transmitter Power and e.i.r.p. Limits

1. For the band 5150-5250 MHz, the maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) shall not exceed 200 mW or 10 + 10 log₁₀ B, dBm, whichever power is less. B is the 99% emission bandwidth in MHz. The e.i.r.p. spectral density shall not exceed 10 dBm in any 1.0 MHz band.
2. For the band 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz, the maximum conducted output power shall not exceed 250 mW or 11 + 10 log₁₀ B, dBm, whichever power is less. The power spectral density shall not exceed 11 dBm in any 1.0 MHz band. The maximum e.i.r.p. shall not exceed 1.0 W or 17 + 10 log₁₀ B, dBm, whichever power is less. B is the 99% emission bandwidth in MHz.

   In addition, devices with maximum e.i.r.p. greater than 500 mW shall implement TPC in order to have the capability to operate at least 6 dB below the maximum permitted e.i.r.p. of 1 W.

   In addition to the above requirements, devices operating in the 5250-5350 MHz band with maximum e.i.r.p. greater than 200 mW shall comply with the following e.i.r.p. elevation mask where θ is the angle above the local horizontal plane (of the earth) as shown below:

   • -13 dB(W/MHz) for 0^o ≤ θ< 8^o
   • -13 – 0.716 (θ-8) dB(W/MHz) for 8^o ≤ θ < 40^o
   • -35.9 – 1.22 (θ-40) dB(W/MHz) for 40^o ≤ θ ≤ 45^o
   • -42 dB(W/MHz) for θ > 45^o
3. For the band 5725-5825 MHz, the maximum conducted output power shall not exceed 1.0 W or 17 + 10 log₁₀ B, dBm, whichever power is less. The power spectral density shall not exceed 17 dBm in any 1.0 MHz band. The maximum e.i.r.p. shall not exceed 4.0 W or 23 + 10 log₁₀ B, dBm, whichever power is less. B is the 99% emission bandwidth in MHz.

   Fixed point-to-point devices for this band are permitted up to 200 W e.i.r.p. by employing higher gain antennas, but not higher transmitter output powers. Point-to-multipoint systems, omni-directional applications and multiple co-located transmitters transmitting the same information are prohibited under this high e.i.r.p. category. However, remote stations of point-to-multipoint systems shall be permitted to operate at the point-to-point e.i.r.p. limit provided that the higher e.i.r.p. is achieved by employing higher gain directional antennas and not higher transmitter output powers.

A9.3 Out-of-band Emission Limits

1. For transmitters operating in the 5150-5250 MHz band, all emissions outside the 5150-5350 MHz band shall not exceed -27 dBm/MHz e.i.r.p.
2. For transmitters operating in the 5250-5350 MHz band, all emissions outside the 5150-5350 MHz band shall not exceed -27 dBm/MHz e.i.r.p. Devices operating in the 5250-5350 MHz band that generate emissions in the 5150-5250 MHz band shall not exceed an out-of-band emission limit of -27 dBm/MHz e.i.r.p. in the 5150-5250 MHz band in order to operate indoor/outdoor, or alternatively shall comply with the spectral power density for operation within 5150-5250 MHz band and shall be labelled "for indoor use only".
3. For transmitters operating in the 5470-5725 MHz, all emissions outside the 5470-5725 MHz band shall not exceed -27 dBm/MHz e.i.r.p.
4. For transmitters operating in the 5725-5825 MHz, all emissions within the frequency range from the band edges to 10 MHz above or below the band edges shall not exceed -17 dBm/MHz e.i.r.p. For frequencies more than 10 MHz above or below the band edges, emissions shall not exceed -27 dBm/MHz.

A9.4 Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) for devices operating in the 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz bands

Devices operating in the bands 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz shall comply with the following:

1. Devices shall employ a DFS radar detection mechanism to detect the presence of radar systems and to avoid co-channel operation with radar systems (see Note below). The minimum DFS radar signal detection threshold is -62 dBm for devices with a maximum e.i.r.p. less than 200 mW and -64 dBm for devices with a maximum e.i.r.p. of 200 mW to 1 W. The detection threshold power is the received power averaged over 1 microsecond reference to a 0 dBi antenna. The DFS process shall be required to provide a uniform spreading of the loading over all the available channels.

2. Operational requirements: the requirement for channel availability check time applies in the master operational mode. The requirement for channel move time applies in both the master and slave operational modes.
   • (i) In-service monitoring: an LE-LAN device should be able monitor the operating channel to check that a co-channel radar has not moved or started operation within range of the LE-LAN device. During in-service monitoring, the LE-LAN radar detection function continuously searches for radar signals in between normal LE-LAN transmissions.
   • (ii) Channel availability check time: the device shall check if there is a radar system already operating on the channel before it can initiate a transmission on a channel and when it has to move to a channel. The device may start using the channel if no radar signal with a power level greater than the interference threshold value specified in A9.4(a) above, is detected within 60 seconds.

   Additional requirements for the band 5600-5650 MHz: Until further notice, devices subject to this Section shall not be capable of transmitting in the band 5600-5650 MHz, so that Environment Canada weather radars operating in this band are protected.

   Note: Test procedures for demonstrating compliance with the DFS radar detection requirements set out in this section are being evaluated by Industry Canada. As an interim measure, Industry Canada will, until further notice, accept utilization of the DFS test procedures published by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)¹ to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this section.

   • (iii) Channel move time: after a radar's signal is detected, the device shall cease all transmissions on the operating channel within 10 seconds. Transmission during this period shall consist of normal traffic for a maximum of 200 ms after detection of the radar signal. In addition, intermittent management and control signals can be sent during the remaining time to facilitate vacating the operating channel.
   • (iv) Channel closing time: the maximum channel closing time is 260 ms.
   • (v) Non-occupancy period: a channel that has been flagged as containing a radar signal, either by a channel availability check or in-service monitoring, is subject to a 30-minute non-occupancy period where the channel can not be used by the LE-LAN device. The non-occupancy period starts at the time when the radar signal is detected.

A9.5 Other Requirements for All Bands

1. Digital modulation shall be used. The power measurements (transmitter output power and e.i.r.p., or unwanted emissions) are in terms of average value (i.e. using an averaging meter). If the transmission is in bursts, Section 4.3 (Pulsed Operation) of RSS-Gen applies.

2. Within the emission bandwidth, when the peak spectral density per MHz over any continuous transmission exceeds the average (10 log₁₀ B) value by more than 3 dB, the permissible power spectral density shall be reduced by the excess amount.

   A measurement resolution bandwidth narrower than 1.0 MHz is permitted provided that power integration over 1.0 MHz is performed. On the other hand, if the emission bandwidth of the signal is less than 1.0 MHz, the measurement bandwidth should be reduced to that of the emission bandwidth to obtain the proper power spectral density; alternatively, the measured value could be normalized to 1.0 MHz. (Note: B has been defined above as the 99% emission bandwidth).

3. The outermost carrier frequencies or channels, as permitted by the design of the equipment, shall be used when measuring unwanted emissions. Such carrier or channel centre frequencies are to be indicated in the test report.
4. The device shall automatically discontinue transmission in case of absence of information to transmit, or operational failure. A description on how this is done shall accompany the application for equipment certification. Note that this is not intended to prohibit transmission of control or signalling information or the use of repetitive codes where required by the technology.
5. The transmitter frequency stability shall be better than ±10 ppm. Alternatively, the applicant can show that the unwanted emission masks of the outermost channels are complied with when tested under all conditions of normal operation as specified in the user manual.
6. Mobile Satellite Service operators may monitor emissions from LE-LAN devices in the 5150-5250 MHz band and, if emissions approach the 10 W/MHz aggregate ground level emission, may request that Industry Canada reassess the technical parameters of LE-LAN devices. The aggregation may be from all devices within the footprint of the MSS satellite antenna beam and not just from Canadian devices.
7. User Manual

   The user manual of local area network devices shall contain clear instructions on the restrictions mentioned above, namely:

   1. that the device for the band 5150-5250 MHz is only for indoor usage to reduce potential for harmful interference to co-channel mobile satellite systems;
   2. the maximum antenna gain permitted (for devices in the 5250-5350 MHz and 5470-5725 MHz bands) to comply with the e.i.r.p. limit; and
   3. the maximum antenna gain permitted (for devices in the 5725-5825 MHz band) to comply with the e.i.r.p. limits specified for point-to-point and non point-to-point operation as appropriate, as stated in section A9.2(3).

   In addition, users should also be cautioned to take note that high power radars are allocated as primary users (meaning they have priority) of 5250-5350 MHz and 5650-5850 MHz and these radars could cause interference and/or damage to LE-LAN devices.