Spectrum Management and Telecommunications

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RIC-8 - Advanced Qualification Question Bank for Amateur Radio Operator Certificate

A-002-01-01 (2)
What two elements widely used in semiconductor devices exhibit both metallic and non-metallic characteristics?

  • Galena and germanium
  • Silicon and germanium
  • Galena and bismuth
  • Silicon and gold

A-002-01-02 (2)
In what application is gallium-arsenide used as a semiconductor material in preference to germanium or silicon?

  • In high-power circuits
  • At microwave frequencies
  • At very low frequencies
  • In bipolar transistors

A-002-01-03 (1)
What type of semiconductor material contains fewer free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?

  • P-type
  • N-type
  • Bipolar type
  • Superconductor type

A-002-01-04 (1)
What type of semiconductor material contains more free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?

  • N-type
  • P-type
  • Bipolar
  • Superconductor

A-002-01-05 (3)
What are the majority charge carriers in P-type semiconductor material?

  • Free electrons
  • Free protrons
  • Holes
  • Free neutrons

A-002-01-06 (4)
What are the majority charge carriers in N-type semiconductor material?

  • Holes
  • Free protrons
  • Free neutrons
  • Free electrons

A-002-01-07 (2)
Silicon, in its pure form, is:

  • a superconductor
  • an insulator
  • a semiconductor
  • conductor

A-002-01-08 (4)
An element which is sometimes an insulator and sometimes a conductor is called a:

  • intrinsic conductor
  • N-type conductor
  • P-type conductor
  • semiconductor

A-002-01-09 (3)
Which of the following materials is used to make a semiconductor?

  • tantalum
  • copper
  • silicon
  • sulphur

A-002-01-10 (4)
Substances such as silicon in a pure state are usually good:

  • conductors
  • tuned circuits
  • inductors
  • insulators
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A-002-01-11 (4)
A semiconductor is said to be doped when it has added to it small quantities of:

  • protons
  • ions
  • electrons
  • impurities

A-002-02-01 (4)
What is the principal characteristic of a zener diode?

  • A constant current under conditions of varying voltage
  • A negative resistance region
  • An internal capacitance that varies with the applied voltage
  • A constant voltage under conditions of varying current

A-002-02-02 (1)
What type of semiconductor diode varies its internal capacitance as the voltage applied to its terminals varies?

  • Varactor
  • Zener
  • Silicon-controlled rectifier
  • Hot-carrier

A-002-02-03 (1)
What is a common use for the hot-carrier diode?

  • As VHF and UHF mixers and detectors
  • As balanced mixers in FM generation
  • As a variable capacitance in an automatic frequency control circuit
  • As a constant voltage reference in a power supply

A-002-02-04 (2)
What limits the maximum forward current in a junction diode?

  • Forward voltage
  • Junction temperature
  • Back EMF
  • Peak inverse voltage

A-002-02-05 (3)
What are the major ratings for junction diodes?

  • Maximum reverse current and capacitance
  • Maximum forward current and capacitance
  • Maximum forward current and PIV
  • Maximum reverse current and PIV

A-002-02-06 (3)
Structurally, what are the two main categories of semiconductor diodes?

  • Vacuum and point contact
  • Electrolytic and point contact
  • Junction and point contact
  • Electrolytic and junction

A-002-02-07 (3)
What is a common use for point contact diodes?

  • As a constant current source
  • As a constant voltage source
  • As an RF detector
  • As a high voltage rectifier

A-002-02-08 (2)
What is one common use for PIN diodes?

  • As a constant current source
  • As an RF switch
  • As a high voltage rectifier
  • As a constant voltage source

A-002-02-09 (1)
A Zener diode is a device used to:

  • regulate voltage
  • dissipate voltage
  • decrease current
  • increase current
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A-002-02-10 (3)
If a Zener diode rated at 10 V and 50 watts were operated at maximum dissipation rating, it would conduct ________ amperes:

  • 50
  • 0.05
  • 5
  • 0.5

A-002-02-11 (2)
The power-handling capability of most Zener diodes is rated at 25 degrees C or approximately room temperature. If the temperature is increased, the power handling capability is:

  • the same
  • less
  • much greater
  • slightly greater

A-002-03-01 (2)
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor?

  • The change of collector current with respect to base current
  • The change of collector current with respect to emitter current
  • The change of base current with respect to collector current
  • The change of collector current with respect to gate current

A-002-03-02 (4)
What is the beta of a bipolar transistor?

  • The change of base current with respect to emitter current
  • The change of collector current with respect to emitter current
  • The change of base current with respect to gate current
  • The change of collector current with respect to base current

A-002-03-03 (3)
Which component conducts electricity from a negative emitter to a positive collector when its base voltage is made positive?

  • A varactor
  • A triode vacuum tube
  • An NPN transistor
  • A PNP transistor

A-002-03-04 (4)
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor in common base configuration?

  • Forward voltage gain
  • Reverse current gain
  • Reverse voltage gain
  • Forward current gain

A-002-03-05 (2)
In a bipolar transistor, the change of collector current with respect to base current is called:

  • gamma
  • beta
  • delta
  • alpha

A-002-03-06 (2)
The alpha of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configuration?

  • Common collector
  • Common base
  • Common gate
  • Common emitter

A-002-03-07 (3)
The beta of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configurations?

  • Common emitter or common gate
  • Common base or common collector
  • Common emitter or common collector
  • Common base or common emitter

A-002-03-08 (2)
Which component conducts electricity from a positive emitter to a negative collector when its base is made negative?

  • A triode vacuum tube
  • A PNP transistor
  • A varactor
  • An NPN transistor
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A-002-03-09 (2)
Alpha of a bipolar transistor is equal to :

  • beta X (1 + beta)
  • beta / (1 + beta)
  • beta X (1 - beta)
  • beta / (1 - beta)

A-002-03-10 (1)
The current gain of a bipolar transistor in common emitter or common collector compared to common base onfiguration is:

  • large to very large
  • very small
  • usually about double
  • usually about half

A-002-03-11 (1)
Beta of a bipolar transistor is equal to:

  • alpha / (1 - alpha)
  • alpha / (1 + alpha)
  • alpha X (1 - alpha)
  • alpha X (1 + alpha)

A-002-04-01 (1)
What is an enhancement-mode FET?

  • An FET without a channel; no current occurs with zero gate voltage
  • An FET with a channel that blocks voltage through the gate
  • An FET with a channel that allows current when the gate voltage is zero
  • An FET without a channel to hinder current through the gate

A-002-04-02 (2)
What is a depletion-mode FET?

  • An FET without a channel; no current flows with zero gate voltage
  • An FET that has a channel with no gate voltage applied; a current flows with zero gate voltage
  • An FET without a channel to hinder current through the gate
  • An FET that has a channel that blocks current when the gate voltage is zero

A-002-04-03 (3)
Why do many MOSFET devices have built-in gate protective Zener diodes?

  • The gate-protective Zener diode keeps the gate voltage within specifications to prevent the device from overheating
  • The gate-protective Zener diode protects the substrate from excessive voltages
  • The gate-protective Zener diode prevents the gate insulation from being punctured by small static charges or excessive voltages
  • The gate-protective Zener diode provides a voltage reference to provide the correct amount of reverse-bias gate voltage

A-002-04-04 (2)
Why are special precautions necessary in handling FET and CMOS devices?

  • They are light-sensitive
  • They are susceptible to damage from static charges
  • They have micro-welded semiconductor junctions that are susceptible to breakage
  • They have fragile leads that may break off

A-002-04-05 (4)
How does the input impedance of a field-effect transistor (FET) compare with that of a bipolar transistor?

  • One cannot compare input impedance without knowing supply voltage
  • An FET has low input impedance; a bipolar transistor has high input impedance
  • The input impedance of FETs and bipolar transistors is the same
  • An FET has high input impedance; a bipolar transistor has low input impedance

A-002-04-06 (3)
What are the three terminals of a junction field-effect transistor (JFET)?

  • Emitter, base 1, base 2
  • Emitter, base, collector
  • Gate, drain, source
  • Gate 1, gate 2, drain

A-002-04-07 (1)
What are the two basic types of junction field-effect transistors (JFET)?

  • N-channel and P-channel
  • High power and low power
  • MOSFET and GaAsFET
  • Silicon and germanium
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A-002-04-08 (1)
Electron conduction in an n-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:

  • n-channel depletion
  • p-channel depletion
  • p-channel enhancement
  • q-channel enhancement

A-002-04-09 (3)
Electron conduction in an n-channel enhancement MOSFET is associated with:

  • q-channel depletion
  • p-channel enhancement
  • n-channel enhancement
  • p-channel depletion

A-002-04-10 (2)
Hole conduction in a p-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:

  • n-channel enhancement
  • p-channel depletion
  • q-channel depletion
  • n-channel depletion

A-002-04-11 (4)
Hole conduction in a p-channel enhancement type MOSFET is associated with:

  • n-channel depletion
  • n-channel enhancement
  • q-channel enhancement
  • p-channel enhancement

A-002-05-01 (3)
What are the three terminals of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?

  • Gate, base 1 and base 2
  • Base, collector and emitter
  • Anode, cathode and gate
  • Gate, source and sink

A-002-05-02 (2)
What are the two stable operating conditions of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?

  • Forward conducting and reverse conducting
  • Conducting and non-conducting
  • NPN conduction and PNP conduction
  • Oscillating and quiescent

A-002-05-03 (1)
When a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is triggered, to what other semiconductor diode are its electrical characteristics similar (as measured between its cathode and anode)?

  • The junction diode
  • The PIN diode
  • The hot-carrier diode
  • The varactor diode

A-002-05-04 (4)
Under what operating condition does a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibit electrical characteristics similar to a forward-biased silicon rectifier?

  • When it is gated "off"
  • When it is used as a detector
  • During a switching transition
  • When it is gated "on"

A-002-05-05 (1)
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is what type of device?

  • PNPN
  • NPPN
  • PNNP
  • PPNN

A-002-05-06 (4)
The control element in the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is called the:

  • anode
  • cathode
  • emitter
  • gate
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A-002-05-07 (3)
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is a member of which family?

  • Phase locked loops
  • Varactors
  • Thyristors
  • Varistors

A-002-05-08 (1)
In amateur radio equipment, which is the major application for the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?

  • Power supply overvoltage "crowbar" circuit
  • Class C amplifier circuit
  • Microphone preamplifier circuit
  • SWR detector circuit

A-002-05-09 (2)
Which of the following devices has anode, cathode, and gate?

  • The bipolar transistor
  • The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
  • The field effect transistor
  • The triode vacuum tube

A-002-05-10 (4)
When it is gated "on", the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibits electrical characteristics similar to a:

  • reverse-biased silicon rectifier
  • forward-biased PIN diode
  • reverse-biased hot-carrier diode
  • forward-biased silicon rectifier

A-002-05-11 (4)
Which of the following is a PNPN device?

  • PIN diode
  • Hot carrier diode
  • Zener diode
  • Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)

A-002-06-01 (3)
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class A amplifier operate?

  • Exactly 180 degrees
  • More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
  • The entire cycle
  • Less than 180 degrees

A-002-06-02 (1)
Which class of amplifier has the highest linearity and least distortion?

  • Class A
  • Class AB
  • Class B
  • Class C

A-002-06-03 (4)
For what portion of a cycle does a Class AB amplifier operate?

  • Exactly 180 degrees
  • The entire cycle
  • Less than 180 degrees
  • More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees

A-002-06-04 (3)
For what portion of a cycle does a Class B amplifier operate?

  • Less than 180 degrees
  • More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
  • 180 degrees
  • The entire cycle

A-002-06-05 (2)
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class C amplifier operate?

  • More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
  • Less than 180 degrees
  • The entire cycle
  • 180 degrees
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A-002-06-06 (1)
Which class of amplifier provides the highest efficiency?

  • Class C
  • Class A
  • Class AB
  • Class B

A-002-06-07 (1)
In order to provide the greatest efficiency in the output stage of a CW, RTTY or FM transmitter, you would operate the amplifier:

  • Class C
  • Class AB
  • Class B
  • Class A

A-002-06-08 (3)
Which class of amplifier provides the least efficiency?

  • Class C
  • Class B
  • Class A
  • Class AB

A-002-06-09 (2)
Which class of amplifier has the poorest linearity and the most distortion?

  • Class AB
  • Class C
  • Class A
  • Class B

A-002-06-10 (1)
Which class of amplifier operates over the full cycle?

  • Class A
  • Class AB
  • Class B
  • Class C

A-002-06-11 (2)
Which class of amplifier operates over less than 180 degrees of the cycle?

  • Class AB
  • Class C
  • Class A
  • Class B

A-002-07-01 (3)
What determines the input impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?

  • The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and substrate
  • The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and the drain
  • The input impedance is essentially determined by the gate biasing network
  • The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the drain and substrate

A-002-07-02 (2)
What determines the output impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?

  • The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain supply voltage
  • The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain resistor
  • The output impedance is essentially determined by the gate supply voltage
  • The output impedance is essentially determined by the input impedance of the FET

A-002-07-03 (1)
What are the advantages of a Darlington pair audio amplifier?

  • High gain, high input impedance and low output impedance
  • Mutual gain, high stability and low mutual inductance
  • Mutual gain, low input impedance and low output impedance
  • Low output impedance, high mutual impedance and low output current

A-002-07-04 (2)
In the common base amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:

  • the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees
  • the signals are in phase
  • the output signals leads the input signal by 90 degrees
  • the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
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A-002-07-05 (3)
In the common base amplifier, the input impedance, when compared to the output impedance is:

  • only slightly higher
  • only slightly lower
  • very low
  • very high

A-002-07-06 (3)
In the common emitter amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:

  • the output signal leads the input signal by 90 degrees
  • the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees
  • the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
  • the signals are in phase

A-002-07-07 (3)
In the common collector amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:

  • the output signal leads the input signal by 90 degrees
  • the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees
  • the signals are in phase
  • the signals are 180 degrees out of phase

A-002-07-08 (2)
The FET amplifier source follower circuit is another name for:

  • common source circuit
  • common drain circuit
  • common mode circuit
  • common gate circuit

A-002-07-09 (4)
The FET amplifier common source circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?

  • Common collector
  • Common base
  • Common mode
  • Common emitter

A-002-07-10 (1)
The FET amplifier common drain circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?

  • Common collector
  • Common emitter
  • Common base
  • Common mode

A-002-07-11 (3)
The FET amplifier common gate circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?

  • Common mode
  • Common collector
  • Common base
  • Common emitter

A-002-08-01 (4)
What is an operational amplifier (opamp)?

  • A high-gain, direct-coupled audio amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally
  • An amplifier used to increase the average output of frequency modulated amateur signals to the legal limit
  • A program subroutine that calculates the gain of an RF amplifier
  • A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally

A-002-08-02 (2)
What would be the characteristics of the ideal op-amp?

  • Zero input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
  • Infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
  • Infinite input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain and flat frequency response
  • Zero input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response

A-002-08-03 (3)
What determines the gain of a closedloop op-amp circuit?

  • The PNP collector load
  • The power supply voltage
  • The external feedback network
  • The collector-to-base capacitance of the PNP stage
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A-002-08-04 (2)
What is meant by the term op-amp offset voltage?

  • The difference between the output voltage of the op-amp and the input voltage required for the next stage
  • The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in a closed-loop condition
  • The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in an open-loop condition
  • The output voltage of the op-amp minus its input voltage

A-002-08-05 (4)
What is the input impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?

  • Very low
  • Exactly 100 ohms
  • Exactly 1000 ohms
  • Very high

A-002-08-06 (4)
What is the output impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?

  • Very high
  • Exactly 100 ohms
  • Exactly 1000 ohms
  • Very low

A-002-08-07 (4)
What are the advantages of using an opamp instead of LC elements in an audio filter?

  • Op-amps are more rugged and can withstand more abuse than can LC elements
  • Op-amps are available in more styles and types than are LC elements
  • Op-amps are fixed at one frequency
  • Op-amps exhibit gain rather than insertion loss

A-002-08-08 (2)
What are the principal uses of an op-amp RC active filter in amateur circuitry?

  • Op-amp circuits are used as low-pass filters at the output of transmitters
  • Op-amp circuits are used as audio filters for receivers
  • Op-amp circuits are used as filters for smoothing power supply output
  • Op-amp circuits are used as high-pass filters to block RFI at the input of receivers

A-002-08-09 (1)
What is an inverting op-amp circuit?

  • An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase
  • An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase
  • An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 90 degrees out of phase
  • An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held to zero, while the output impedance is high

A-002-08-10 (2)
What is a non-inverting op-amp circuit?

  • An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 90 degrees out of phase
  • An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase
  • An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held low, and the output impedance is high
  • An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase

A-002-08-11 (2)
What term is most appropriate for a high gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally?

  • Difference amplifier
  • Operational amplifier
  • High gain audio amplifier
  • Summing amplifier

A-002-09-01 (3)
What is the mixing process?

  • The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase differentiation
  • The recovery of intelligence from a modulated signal
  • The combination of two signals to produce sum and difference frequencies
  • The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase comparison

A-002-09-02 (1)
What are the principal frequencies that appear at the output of a mixer circuit?

  • The original frequencies and the sum and difference frequencies
  • 1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequencies
  • The sum, difference and square root of the input frequencies
  • Two and four times the original frequency
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A-002-09-03 (2)
What occurs when an excessive amount of signal energy reaches the mixer circuit?

  • Automatic limiting occurs
  • Spurious signals are generated
  • A beat frequency is generated
  • Mixer blanking occurs

A-002-09-04 (1)
In a frequency multiplier circuit, the input signal is coupled to the base of a transistor through a capacitor. A radio frequency choke is connected between the base of the transistor and ground. The capacitor is:

  • a DC blocking capacitor
  • part of the input tuned circuit
  • a by-pass for the circuit
  • part of the output tank circuit

A-002-09-05 (4)
A frequency multiplier circuit must be operated in:

  • class AB
  • class B
  • class A
  • class C

A-002-09-06 (1)
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. The purpose of the variable capacitor is to:

  • tune L1 to the desired harmonic
  • by-pass RF
  • tune L1 to the frequency applied to the base
  • provide positive feedback

A-002-09-07 (3)
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. The purpose of C3 is to:

  • form a pi filter with L1 and C2
  • resonate with L1
  • keep RF out of the power supply
  • by-pass any audio components

A-002-09-08 (2)
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. C2 in conjunction with L1 operate as a:

  • frequency divider
  • frequency multiplier
  • voltage divider
  • voltage doubler

A-002-09-09 (1)
In a circuit where the components are tuned to resonate at a higher frequency than applied, the circuit is most likely a:

  • a frequency multiplier
  • a VHF/UHF amplifier
  • a linear amplifier
  • a frequency divider

A-002-09-10 (3)
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. C3 is a:

  • DC blocking capacitor
  • tuning capacitor
  • RF by-pass capacitor
  • coupling capacitor

A-002-09-11 (3)
What stage in a transmitter would change a 5.3-MHz input signal to 14.3 MHz?

  • A linear translator
  • A frequency multiplier
  • A mixer
  • A beat frequency oscillator

A-002-10-01 (2)
What is a Nand gate?

  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "0"
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A-002-10-02 (2)
What is an Or gate?

  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if all inputs are logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if any input is logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces logic "1" at its output if all inputs are logic "0"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if any input is logic "1"

A-002-10-03 (4)
What is a Nor gate?

  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only if all inputs are logic "0"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only if all inputs are logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if any or all inputs are logic "1"

A-002-10-04 (4)
What is an Invert gate?

  • A circuit that does not allow data transmission when its input is high
  • A circuit that allows data transmission only when its input is high
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when the input is logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output when the input is logic "1"

A-002-10-05 (4)
What is an Exclusive Or gate?

  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when all of the inputs are logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when all of the inputs are logic "0"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic "1"

A-002-10-06 (1)
What is an Exclusive Nor gate?

  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when all of the inputs are logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic "0"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when only one of the inputs are logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output when all of the inputs are logic "1"

A-002-10-07 (4)
What is an And gate?

  • A circuit that produces a if all its inputs are logic logic "0" at its output only "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only if one of its inputs is logic "1"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if all inputs are logic "0"
  • A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only if all its inputs are logic "1"

A-002-10-08 (2)
What is a flip-flop circuit?

  • A binary sequential logic element with eight stable states
  • A binary sequential logic element with two stable states
  • A binary sequential logic element with four stable states
  • A binary sequential logic element with one stable state

A-002-10-09 (1)
What is a bistable multivibrator?

  • A flip-flop
  • An Or gate
  • An And gate
  • A clock

A-002-10-10 (3)
What type of digital logic is also known as a latch?

  • A decade counter
  • An Or gate
  • A flip-flop
  • An op-amp

A-002-10-11 (3)
In a multivibrator circuit, when one transistor conducts, the other is:

  • amplified
  • reverse-biased
  • cut off
  • forward-biased
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A-002-11-01 (3)
What is a crystal lattice filter?

  • A filter with wide bandwidth and shallow skirts made using quartz crystals
  • An audio filter made with four quartz crystals that resonate at 1 kHz intervals
  • A filter with narrow bandwidth and steep skirts made using quartz crystals
  • A power supply filter made with interlaced quartz crystals

A-002-11-02 (1)
What factor determines the bandwidth and response shape of a crystal lattice filter?

  • The relative frequencies of the individual crystals
  • The centre frequency chosen for the filter
  • The gain of the RF stage following the filter
  • The amplitude of the signals passing through the filter

A-002-11-03 (3)
For single-sideband phone emissions, what would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice filter?

  • 15 kHz
  • 500 Hz
  • 2.1 kHz
  • 6 kHz

A-002-11-04 (4)
The main advantage of a crystal oscillator over a tuned LC oscillator is:

  • longer life under severe operating use
  • freedom from harmonic emissions
  • simplicity
  • much greater frequency stability

A-002-11-05 (4)
A quartz crystal filter is superior to an LC filter for narrow bandpass applications because of the:

  • crystal's low Q
  • LC circuit's high Q
  • crystal's simplicity
  • crystal's high Q

A-002-11-06 (3)
Piezoelectricity is generated by:

  • touching crystals with magnets
  • adding impurities to a crystal
  • deforming certain crystals
  • moving a magnet near a crystal

A-002-11-07 (1)
Electrically, what does a crystal look like?

  • A very high Q tuned circuit
  • A very low Q tuned circuit
  • A variable capacitance
  • A variable tuned circuit

A-002-11-08 (4)
Crystals are sometimes used in a circuit which has an output an integral multiple of the crystal frequency. This circuit is called:

  • a crystal multiplier
  • a crystal lattice
  • a crystal ladder
  • an overtone oscillator

A-002-11-09 (1)
Which of the following properties Does Not apply to a crystal when used in an oscillator circuit?

  • High power output
  • Good frequency stability
  • Very low noise because of high Q
  • Good frequency accuracy

A-002-11-10 (1)
Crystal oscillators, filters and microphones depend upon which principle?

  • Piezoelectric effect
  • Hertzberg effect
  • Ferro-resonance
  • Overtone effect
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A-002-11-11 (1)
Crystals are Not applicable to which of the following?

  • Active filters
  • Microphones
  • Lattice filters
  • Oscillators

A-002-12-01 (3)
What are the three general groupings of filters?

  • Hartley, Colpitts and Pierce
  • Audio, radio and capacitive
  • High-pass, low-pass and band-pass
  • Inductive, capacitive and resistive

A-002-12-02 (3)
What are the distinguishing features of a Butterworth filter?

  • The product of its series and shuntelement impedances is a constant for all frequencies
  • It only requires conductors
  • It has a maximally flat response over its pass-band
  • It only requires capacitors

A-002-12-03 (3)
Which filter type is decribed as having ripple in the passband and a sharp cutoff?

  • An active LC filter
  • A passive op-amp filter
  • A Chebyshev filter
  • A Butterworth filter

A-002-12-04 (2)
What are the distinguishing features of a Chebyshev filter?

  • It requires only inductors
  • It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
  • It requires only capacitors
  • It has a maximally flat response in the passband

A-002-12-05 (3)
Resonant cavities are used by amateurs as a:

  • power line filter
  • low pass-filter below 30 MHz
  • narrow bandpass filter at VHF and higher frequencies
  • high pass-filter above 30 MHz

A-002-12-06 (1)
On VHF and above, 1/4 wavelength coaxial cavities are used to give protection from high-level signals. For a frequency of approximatively 50 MHz, the diameter of such a device would be about four inches (10 cm). What would be its approximate length?

  • 1.5 metres (5 ft)
  • 0.6 metres (2 ft)
  • 2.4 metres (8 ft)
  • 3.7 metres (12 ft)

A-002-12-07 (1)
A device which helps with receiver overload and spurious responses at VHF, UHF and above may be installed in the receiver front end. It is called a:

  • helical resonator
  • diplexer
  • directional coupler
  • duplexer

A-002-12-08 (4)
Where you require bandwidth at VHF and higher frequencies about equal to a television channel, a good choice of filter is the:

  • resonant cavity
  • Butterworth
  • Chebyshev
  • None of the above

A-002-12-09 (4)
What is the primary advantage of the Butterworth filter over the Chebyshev filter?

  • It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
  • It requires only inductors
  • It requires only capacitors
  • It has maximally flat response over its passband
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A-002-12-10 (3)
What is the primary advantage of the Chebyshev filter over the Butterworth filter?

  • It requires only capacitors
  • It requires only inductors
  • It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
  • It has maximally flat response over the passband

A-002-12-11 (3)
Which of the following filter types Is Not suitable for use at audio and low radio frequencies?

  • Elliptical
  • Chebyshev
  • Cavity
  • Butterworth
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