Your needs and wants
Prioritizing your spending decisions can help you form responsible spending habits.
If you have already reviewed the budgeting module, then you may remember learning about the difference between a need and a want. The same thought process can be applied when making purchase decisions: is this purchase a need or a want?
What is a need? A need is a necessity, something that is essential for living.
What is a want? A want is a desire, something that is non-essential for living but that you would like to have.
One person's want may be another person's need. Example: For someone who lives near a bus route, a car may be a luxury. However, for another person who doesn’t have access to public transit and can’t bike to work, a car may be a necessity.
Needs and wants can change over time. Example: A full-sized washer and dryer can be a need when you’re raising a family. However, apartment-sized models can be what you need when your children are grown up and you have downsized to a smaller home.
Spending more than necessary to meet essential needs for clothing, food or even housing can also be considered a want.
Think about the things in your life and if you are unsure whether they are needs or wants, then write them down and bring them with you to your in-person session to discuss with your counsellor.
Below are some practical ways to prioritize your spending to align with your needs and wants, as well as your financial goals. Take a moment to look at and think about the diagrams that follow.
Step principle
The step principle is about considering alternatives to the item you want to purchase. Which alternative most aligns with your plan?
Take food as in the example below. There are many choices. All of these choices satisfy your nutritional need. Moving down the scale, the choices are less expensive, yet still satisfy your nutritional need.
The step principle
To improve your finances without hampering your lifestyle, you can make the decision to ‘step down’ the staircase to a less expensive alternative. Purchasing a good or service that is one or two steps down frees up money to save or spend on something else.
If you have questions, write them down and bring them to your in-person counselling session.
Trade-off principle
Purchase options are limitless, but your financial resources are limited. Therefore, it's wise to consider the trade-off needed in order to purchase something.
- What would I be willing to give up to have this item?
- Can I accept the short and long-term consequences of this decision?
- If this item is important, how can I make it fit into my purchase plan?
- How much will this purchase really cost me in time, effort, money and lost opportunities?
Examples of trade-off
Did you know that the price of a basic coffee from the coffee shop is at least $2 more expensive than making the same cup at home. If you choose to make your coffee at home instead of buying one on the way to work, you could save approximately $500 annually.
Emilie really enjoys a nice cup of coffee. She splurges once a week at the local coffee shop. Emilie's local grocery store sells the same coffee beans so Emilie could make her favourite coffee at home every day.
The trade-off principle: example 1
Emilie is considering a long weekend vacation. She also remembers that she needs new tires.
The trade-off principle: example 2
Steve loves baseball and is considering season tickets to the local minor league club. His home internet package runs about the same cost as the season tickets.
The trade-off principle: example 3
Below is a video example of the trade-off principle. This video represents the number of hours worked in order to make a certain purchase.
Think about the images and video presented above. Can you think of trade-off purchases in your life? Remember to keep these images in mind when making decisions about what to purchase.
If you have questions, write them down and bring them to your in-person counselling session.
1-2-3 system
Another helpful way to set spending priorities is the 1-2-3 system. This system lets you rate all of your expenses on a scale from 1 to 3. You should prioritize purchasing all your category 1 expenses first, category 2 expenses second, and category 3 expenses last. For example:
The 1-2-3 system
Now that you have reviewed the step principle, the trade-off principle and the 1-2-3 system, which of these ways of prioritizing your spending do you think would work best for you? Try making a habit of using at least one of those ways.
There are many different ways to prioritize spending and everyone is different. If you feel the options above do not suit you, do not give up or get discouraged. Look for other ways and discuss different options with your counsellor.
If you have questions, write them down and bring them to your in-person counselling session.
You just learned about practical ways to help prioritize spending. When prioritizing, be sure to consider the entire cost. Often there are additional costs that follow the original purchase.
Consider the example of purchasing a pet. Besides the original purchase price, there are other costs of owning a pet.
Considering all the costs of your decisions
Buying a pet is not the only purchase which results in additional costs and payments. There are many other examples of purchases that end up costing more than their original purchase price. Buying a house, buying a car, and going away for school are all examples of purchases with additional costs.
If you have questions, write them down and bring them to your in-person counselling session.
Consider taking a 5-10 minute study break at this point!