AN ADVANCED ELECTRON-HOLE ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

Abrégé anglais

An invention disclosed an energy storage device
which features two electrodes separated by
either an electron hole conductor or an
insulator and is based on electron-hole double
electric layer created within the electrodes
between an intertwined electron and electron
hole conductors and may include possibilities of
difference in work functions between
electrodes which allows to save additional
energy be transferring electrons from lower to
higher electric potential and permanently
created electrodes polarization which allows to
increase their electric capacitance by varying
content of an electron and electron hole
conductors mass content.

Revendications

CLAIMS
PAGE 3
1) An energy storage device in which energy is
stored in electron-hole double electric layer
formed between an electron conductor and a
hole conductor and in which two electrodes are
separated from each other by a hole conductor
and in which both electrodes represent an
intertwined superstructure of an electronic
conductor and a hole conductor.
2) En energy storage device in which energy is
stored in difference of work functions and/or
Fermi energies between two electrodes and in
which electrons and/or electron holes are
transferred with help of an external power
supply between two electrodes from lower
electric potential to higher electric potential
associated with difference in work functions
between the two electrodes.

3) An energy storage device in which energy is
stored in electron-hole double electric layer
formed between an electron conductor and a
hole conductor and in which two electrodes are
separated from each other by a hole conductor
and in which such physical effects as topological
insulators, Mott insulators, charge transfer
insulators, multiple conduction bands, quantum
wells, quantum dots, quantum wires, the
difference in work functions, destructive
quantum interference, spin-polarized excitons,
heterostructures are used to create charge
separation between electrons and electron
holes.
4) An energy storage device in which charge is
stored in two electrodes separated by either
hole conductor or an electric insulator and in
which one or both electrodes poses mixed
electron-hole conductivity when amount of free

electrons increases towards a one side and
amount of holes towards another side of each
electrode used to create an electric field inside
of each electrode which opposes and
counterbalances an electric field in an insulator
or hole conductor between the two electrodes,
what allows to increase their electric
capacitance and transfer a larger amount of
electrons from one electrode to another.
5) An energy storage device in which two
electrodes are separated by a hole conductor
with built-in permanent unidirectional electric
field used to separate electrons from holes or
electrons according to their energies.

Description

DESCRIPTION
PAGE 2
Disclosed is a method of an energy storage in which
electron-hole double electric layer is created
between an electron conductor and a hole
conductor used to accumulate energy in the manner
of a supercapacitor. (Here and anywhere in the text
"hole" = "electron hole"). Generally, a device
consists of a two separated electrodes and a hole
conductor which serves as a separator between the
electrodes. Each electrode is comprised of two
plates made of dissimilar materials with different
type of conductivity. A one plate posses electronic
conductivity while another one - hole conductivity.
Electrodes could be made from any kind of material
whether it is a metal, semimetal, semiconductor or
amorphous body. They could be solid, liquid,
gaseous or be made from any other type of matter.
A physical and quantum effects such as quantum
wells, quantum wires, quantum dots, spin-polarized
excitons, multiple conduction bands, topological
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insulators, Mott insulators, charge-transfer
insulators and similar may be farther used to
increase electron-hole separation.
A hole-conductive separator between the two
electrodes is used to prevent short circuit and
prevent electrons (in conduction band) migrate
from electrode N2 to electrode Ni when the device
is charging or is in the charged state.
In another embodiment a dielectric separator is
used between the two electrodes. Each electrode
represents a non-uniform mixture of an electron
conductor and a hole conductor (or a positive ion
conductor) in which amount of electron conductor
substance uniformly increases to the one end of an
electrode and diminishes to the other end.
Subsequently the amount of hole conductor
substance uniformly increases and diminishes in
opposite way in electrode relatively to the amount
of an electron conductor substance. This mixture of
an electron and hole conductors is used to induce
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permanent polarization throughout the entire
volume of both electrodes and create an electric
fields which opposes the electric field between the
two electrodes (when energy storage is charged).
The aim of this embodiment is to increase electric
capacitance of both electrodes.
A material that electrodes are made from may be
made from a materials with different work
functions/Fermi energies to farther enhance energy
density of supercapacitor.
A few more following examples of a supercapacitor
embodiment may include:
1) Both electrodes separated by a hole conductor
separator are made of intertwined superstructures
of an electron conductor and P-type semiconductor
in which work function of P-type semiconductor in
electrode N2 is higher than work function of a
conductor in electrode N2. In this case when
electrons and holes are transferred from electrode
Ni to electrode N2 simultaneously, but by different
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paths they create a locking electron-hole double
layer in electrode N2.
2) Both electrodes separated by a hole conductor
separator are made of intertwined superstructures
of an electron conductor and P-type semiconductor
in which work function of P-type semiconductor in
electrode N2 is lower than work function of a
conductor in electrode N2. In this case when
electrons and holes are transferred from electrode
Ni to electrode N2 simultaneously, but by different
paths they may create an ohmic contact type
electron-hole double layer in electrode N2. In this
case we may expect that electrons and holes will
not recombine below certain working voltage
threshold in a supercapacitor or that even if they
will recombine electrons from electrode N2 will not
be able to return back to electrode Ni through hole
conducting separator between the two electrodes.
3) Work function of an electron conductor in
electrode Ni is higher than work function of an
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electron conductor in electrode N2. In this case we
may expect that by transferring electrons during
charging from higher to lower work function
material we may need to transfer them from lower
to higher electric potential what will allow us to
save and store some additional energy.
4) Work function of a hole conductor in electrode
Ni is higher than work function of a hole conductor
in electrode N2. In this case when charging device
we may transfer a charge carriers from a hole
conductor in electrode Ni to hole conductor in
electrode N2 from lower to higher electric potential,
what may allow us to save and store an additional
energy. References: COMPRESSED
ELECTRON-HOLE GAS/LIQUID ENERGY
STORGE
Canadian patent N 2876873
http://www.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/pat
ent/2876873/summary.html
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